Car construction



June 27, 1933. H. F. PETERSON ET AL CAR CONSTRUCTION Filed April 5, 1930 1S- ammi@ i l- H v/.L l*

by /l fbg/p Hrm/EWE.

Patented dune 27, i933 i MARTIN. F. PETERSON, 0F CHICAGO, AND MARTIN P. WINTHER, OF WAUKEGAN,

ILLENDIS, ASSGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T0 PULLMAN CAR d. MANUFAC- TURKNG CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OE' DELAWARE v can CONSTRUCTION ,Y l f i y,

Application led April 5,1930. Serial No. 442,000.

, fined by these parts will be provided for the accommodation and ventilation of said ducts.

ln root constructionsheretofore available, it was `:tound that the temperatures lin the dead air space between the inner ceiling and outer roof sheets on passenger cars were rein excess of 140 F. due to the expoquently A the roof sheet to the heatot the sun sure of Land the transfer of such heat by convection to the air beneath it. Had the dead air space between the roof and ceiling sheets been enlarged to receive a -cold air duct no appreciable relief from the high temperatures encountered could have been had, since the temperatures on the order of 140 F. would have been maintained in the spaceregardless of an ambient air temperature of but 90 to 100 lt?.

ln that situation the energy required to overcome the edect of a relatively high rate ci leakage of heat into the cold air duct is too greatfor the limited capacity of the axle driven equipment available for the purpose. `@bv/iously, for every B. t. u. prevented from entering the cold air supply duct, a propel tiona'te reduction in the necessary operating energy is eected. As a consequence of a reduction in the operating energy required to maintain proper vvelocities of the air distributed to the passengers, it will be quite possible to utilize the Ventilating: and refrigerating capacity ci the axle driven equipment .air streams therein established, are the cold now 1n common use. Accordingly, ii the leakage of heat into the cold air duct be reduced to a minimum, it follows that an adequate supply of cold air may be delivered with correspondingly low pressure and ve# locity, and a resultant decrease in resistance due to friction. Since the rate of leakage ci' heat into the cold air duct is in direct proportion to the dierence in temperature loetween the air inside and outside the duct, the leakage will be minimized if the temperature of the air on the outside oi the duct can be reduced. Therefore it' circulation of the air in the otherwise dead air space between the ceiling and roof sheet is provided for, the temperature of the air outside the duct may be maintained as low at least as the air outsidethe vehicle.

' The principal object of the invention then is to provide a cold air supply duct between the root and ceiling elements of the vehicle and subject such duct and ceiling to the cooling iniiuence of air circulated across it.

rlhe foregoing and other objects are attained byithe mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Y Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the invention in plan as applied to a railway car;-A

and

vention adapted for use in sleeping cars.

ln the drawing, l0 represents a` car equipped with the invention, and ll1 designates the upper roof portion thereof, comprising with thedeclr sides 12, and the lower deck portions 13, a monitor roof of the type commonly used in railway cars. lin-the embodiment shown, a ceiling 15 extends from deck to deck and beneath the upper roof portion 11 to form therewith a live air cham-r ber i6 having communication with the outer air through intakes i7 in the deck sides l2,

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view' taken on l1ne2-2, Figure l, showing the inand exhausts 18 in the upper roof portion 11.

As indicated in the drawing, the intakes l? and exhausts 18 are preferably staggered with respect to each other to provide maximum sweeping rangesfor the air streams moving between them.

ln the' chamber 16 and in the paths ofthe rying with it the heat laden `air in contiguous space areas about the ducts. The ducts are further protected by a covering 22 of heat insulating material designed to complement the air streams in their function of minimizing the leakage of` heat units into the ducts. In the embodiment shown, the ducts are sup ported with their undersides resting upon insulating material 23 covering the ceiling plate 15, to facilitate application of the insulation to ducts and ceiling.

The upper deck roof portion 11, and deck sides 12, are full insulated to prevent penetration of the suns rays to the chamber 16, the upper deck roof supporting the insulation 24 between the outer roof sheet 25 and retaining straps 26, and the deck side supporting insulation 27 between plates 28 and 29 as best shown in Figure 2. As indicated in this figure the deck side insulation 27 eX- in chamber 16 above the ceiling from the airv in ducts 19 and the car interior, and insures positive circulation of outside air between the several intakes 17 and exhausts 18 to preclude any possibility of air stagnation about the ducts and above the ceiling 15, the air beneath the roof being maintained at temperatures approximating that prevailing outside the car.

The ducts may be formed with lateral eX- tensions 37 terminating in ceiling openings V36 to the car interior, the openings being iitted with suitable registers for controlling the cold air supply. Preferably, the arrangement with respect to the air intakes 17, exhausts 18, and cold air ducts 19, is duplicated upon opposite-sides of the longitudinal center line of the car, the parts being-disposed to permit installation of dome lights 35, cold air openings, 36, etc. For use in sleeping cars, the registers controlling the cold air duct openings 36 in the ceiling 15 are so disposed with respect to the bunk space that when the berths are made ready for occupancy, the cold air stream descending from the respective duct openings `will be directed downwardly through the air outside the berth curtains 38, whereby the relatively warm air in the bunk space will be displaced by infiltration of cooler airditfused throughout the car interior.

In cars having turtle-back type of roof the construction would be slightly modified with respect to shape and extent of the cold air ducts 19 and live air chamber 16, and perhaps in the disposition and number of intake and exhaust ventilators 17 and 18, respectively,

and openings 36 in the ceiling, but the principle of operation involving the necessary separation of t-he air in chamber 16 from that in the ducts and car interior, and thc'mantenance of communication between such chamber and the air outside the car, would remain the same. It will be evident that the air in the ducts 19, moving at low velocities, does not become heated by friction with the duct walls, .and delivery of cold air in suli- .cient volume to `remote points in the car interior is insured to effect the distribution required for the comfort of the passengers throughout the car. Y

In the practice of the invention,'the cold air ducts 19 form extensions of a compartment 39 containing the banks of cooling coils 40 having operating connection with suitable refrigerating apparatus on the car. An approved type of blower 41, 'arranged to draw fresh air from outside the car or rescirculatc the previously cooled air insid its capacity proportioned to the requirements of the arrangement hereinabove outlined, is positioned at the same end of the ducts to force the air supplied to it into the cooling compartment 39, from which the air, cooled by the -coils 40, will be fed to the ducts 19 at the relatively lowv speed and pressure deemed necessary for the eiiicient and economical operation of the system, as best indicated in Figure 1.

Obviously, a single overhead cold air duct 19 at the longitudinal center of the car may be found sufficient in vehicles accommodating a relatively small number of passengers to maintain the air of the car interior at a comfortable temperature, and is contemplated within the scope of the appended claims.

What we clalm is 1. In car construction, the combination.-

comprising roof and ceiling elements spaced apart to provide an air chamber, a cold air duct enclosed in said chamber, andA chamber Ventilating means.

2. In car construction, the combination comprising roof and ceiling elements spaced apart to p'rovide an air chamber, a cold air duct enclosed in said chamber, and air circulating means for Ventilating said chamber.

3. In car construction, the combination comprising roof and ceiling elements spaced apart to provide an air chamber closed to the car interior, a cold air duct between said roof and ceiling and closed to said chamber, and

chamber Ventilating means.

4. In car construction, the combination comprising roof and ceiling elements spaced apart to provide an air chamber closed to the car interior, a cold air duct between said roof and ceiling open to the car interior and closed to said chamber, and means for ventilating said chamber.

5. In car construction, the combination comprising roof and ceiling elements spaced e the car, with apart to provide an air chamber closed to the car interior and open to the atmosphere, a cold air duct between said roof and ceiling and closed to said chamber, and chamber ventilating means.

6. In car construction, the combination comprising roof and ceiling elements spaced apart to provide an air chamber, a coldair duct above said ceiling in spaced relation to the roof and closed to said chamber, and chamber Ventilating means spaced apart in said roof adjacent opposite sides of said duct.

7 In car construction, the combination comprising roof and ceiling elements spaced apart to provide an air chamber open to the atmosphere and insulated from the .car interior, a cold air duct closed to and insulated from the air in said chamber, and openings in said ceiling `communicating with said duct.

8. In car construction, the combination comprising a roof element insulated upon its underside, a ceiling element insulated upon its upper side and spaced from said roof to form therewith an air chamber closed to the car interior and open to the atmosphere, a cold air duct closed to said chamber and insulated upon its outer side, and openings in said ceiling communicating with said duct.

9. In car construction, the combination` with roof and ceiling elements spaced apart and defining an air chamber closed to the car interior, of a cold air duct above said ceiling closed to said chamber and spaced from said roof to provide air passages, an spaced intake and exhaust Ventilator elements upon respectively opposite sides of said duct to cause a circulation of air through said passages and across said duct.

10. In car construction, the combination with roof and ceiling elements spaced apart and defining an air chamber closed to the car interior, of a cold air duct above said ceiling closed to said chamber and spaced from said roof to provide air passages, and spaced intake and exhaust ventilator elements in staggered relation to each other and upon respectively opposite sides of said duct to cause a circulation of air through said passages and across and along said duct.

11. In car construction, the combination comprising roof and ceiling elements spaced apart and defining an air chamber having insulated opposing wall faces, acold air duct upon said ceiling insulated from the air in said chamber and spaced froml said roof to provide air passages, spaced intake and exhaust ventilator elements upon respectively opposite sides of said duct to cause a circulation of air through said passages, and a plurality of openings in said ceiling communieating with said duct.

12. In car construction, the combination with roof and ceiling elements spaced apart and defining an air chamber closed to the car interior and ,open to the atmosphere, of a cold air ductabove said ceiling closed to said chamber and extending longitudinally of the car, cold air supply means at one end of and in communication with said duct, and a plurality of openings in lsaid duct communicating with the car interior.

In Witness whereof We have hereunto set our hand this 2nd day of April, 1930.

HARTIN F. PETERSON. MARTIN P. WINTI-IER. 

